# Case 1

73 year old female with chest pain

ECG: LVH
CXR: Unremarkable.

  1. What is the left ventricular function?
    • > 55%
    • 45 - 50%
    • 35 - 40%
    • 30 - 35%
    • < 20%

  1. Based on this M-Mode image, this patient has evidence of:
    • Dilated left ventricle
    • Restricted aortic valve opening
    • Restricted mitral valve opening
    • Dilated right ventricle
  1. This patient has evidence of:
    • Severe aortic regurgitation
    • Restricted aortic valve opening
    • Thickened aortic valve leaflets
    • Severe MR

  1. This patient has evidence of:
    • Tricuspid valve
    • Bicuspid valve
    • Calcified leaflets
    • Restricted aortic valve leaflets
  1. This patient has:
    • Mild aortic stenosis
    • Severe aortic stenosis
    • Moderate aortic stenosis
    • Aortic sclerosis

  1. A DI of 0.27 suggests:
    • Mild aortic stenosis
    • Moderate aortic stenosis
    • Severe aortic stenosis
    • Aortic sclerosis

# Case 2

72 year old female with breathlessness

ECG: Normal sinus rhythm
CXR: Unremarkable.

  1. This patient has evidence of:
    • Mild AR
    • Trivial AR
    • Moderate AR
    • Severe AS

# Case 3

90 year old male presents with breathlessness

ECG: Low voltage complexes
CXR: Pulmonary oedema.

  1. This patient has an EF of:
    • > 55%
    • 40 - 45%
    • 35 - 40%
    • < 20%
    • 30 - 35%
  1. This patient has evidence of:
    • Restricted aortic valve leaflets
    • Calcified aortic valve leaflets
    • Aortic regurgitation
    • All of the above

  1. There is evidence of:
    • Mild AR
    • Trivial AR
    • Moderate AR
    • Severe AR
    • No AR
  1. This patient has evidence of:
    • Mild AS
    • Moderate AS
    • Low flow low gradient severe AS
    • Paradoxical low flow low gradient severe AS

# Case 4

80 year old female presenting with gross fluid overload, fevers and night sweats

ECG: Normal sinus rhythm
CXR: Pulmonary oedema.

  1. There is evidence of:
    • Aortic valve prolapse
    • Dilated aortic root
    • RCC aortic valve endocarditis
    • LCC or NCC aortic valve endocarditis

  1. There is evidence of:
    • Severe AR
    • Severe MR
    • Mild MR
    • Severe AS
  1. This patient has:
    • Mild AR
    • Moderate AR
    • Severe AR
    • No AR

  1. This pulse wave doppler in the descending aorta confirms the presence of:
    • Severe AR
    • Normal aortic flow
    • Moderate AR
    • Co-arctation of the aorta